In the preceding sections, we showed that the true value of pharmaceuticals and medical devices can be assessed in terms of longevity and utility, and that QALYs enables assessment by integrating these two factors. We also indicated that long-term estimates can be made by using models and that, in relative evaluations including cost comparisons, ICER enables evaluation of cost-effectiveness. Finally, we described how probabilistic sensitivity analysis enabled assessment of the uncertainty of results in quantified terms.

Assessment of the true value of pharmaceuticals and medical devices through such scientific methods holds enormous benefit in various ways. Obviously, it can be applied in discussion of pharmaceutical prices. Moreover, the techniques are applicable not only to medical drugs and devices, but also to all medical practices.

Additionally, pharmacoeconomics provides precious input in studies of product portfolios by pharmaceutical firms and manufacturers of medical devices. Because QALYs may be equated to pharmaceutical value per se, the aggregate QALYs of a firm's products may be equated to its corporate value.

While a key element of pharmacoeconomics, models can also serve as valuable tools themselves in strategies for development and marketing. For example, various simulations can already be performed for uncertainty related to utility and safety in advance of clinical trials. It is also possible to identify parameters with a significant influence on prognosis and cost-effectiveness, and this can occasion the planning of new studies if evidence for these parameters is not yet available. Furthermore, models structure the flow of treatment and long-term prognosis for diseases, and the thinking they represent can also be applied in discussions of treatment guidelines.